Effective Management Techniques For Children With Adhd

Effective management techniques for teachers to help kids with ADHD There are many things that a teacher should do, and has to do and one of those things is b an advocate for one of their students if there is a need for that. One thing that I have been thinking about a lot when it comes to topics that are important to be a child’s advocate for and that is ADHD. This is an important topic so I will be giving teachers some ways of how to help the teacher keep kids with ADHD in a general education classroom, along with manage the ADHD that the kids have. I think that this is an important topic that teachers should be an advocate for because it allows the kid to feel somewhat normal. Even if they are dealing with a disability and no being singled out and pulled out of a classroom to receive special education that is tailored to them and their learning disability. Before we even think of talking about how to handle kids with ADHD we need to know what signs to look for to tell if a child has ADHD. The signs teachers should be aware of that tell them one of their students has ADHD are displaying inappropriate levels of inattention and/ or hyperactivity-impulsivity for a student’s developmental stage of their life (DuPaul and Jimerson, 2014). That is not the only thing that characterizes a student that has ADHD another thing that teachers should be looking for is â€Å"attentional impairments can be evident in lapses of attention, carelessness in cognitive tasks, forgetfulness, orShow MoreRelatedThe Behavior Therapy For Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder At School1216 Words   |  5 PagesThe Behavior Therapy for Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder at school By : Sarah Alharbi Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), is one of the most well-known behavioral disorder in children (Madhuri 2015), Which estimated all year at about 3–10% between children worldwide. A.D.H.D is more commonly observed in boys five times more than girls ( Jonna 2006). There is no doubt that ADHD children exacts an enormous burden on society in terms of financial cost, stressRead MoreAttention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder1656 Words   |  7 Pagesinterferers with your development†. As of 2013, it affects 11 percent of children between the ages of 4-17 and is more prevalent in boys than in girls. (http://www.additudemag.com/adhd/article/688.html) ADHD with aggression is very common as well. The aggression aspect can be shown through ADHD being in combination with disorders like, Disruptive Behavior Disorder. This aspect of aggression is an important detail because ADHD children with aggression are at higher risk for criminal behavior and alcoholismRead MoreThe Multimodal Treatment Of Adhd794 Words   |  4 Pagesyoung children with ADHD. When parenting techniques are proven to be ineffective or the symptoms are too severe to be corrected with behavioral modifications alone, pharmacological interventions may take precedence (Connor, 2002) . Contrarily, multimodal treatment packages have been a main focus for the last decade (Mash Barkley, 2006; Hinshaw, Klein, Abikoff, 2007). The Multimodal Treatment of ADHD (MTA) study is arguably the most influential study regarding evidence-based treatment for ADHD. TheRead MoreThe Best Treatment For Children With Adhd1191 Words   |  5 Pagestreatment for children with ADHD? It is a question that concerns both researchers and practitioners alike. Although research supports the effectiveness of stimulants (Van der Oord, Prins, Oosterlaan, Emmelkamp, 2008) there are growing concerns about the rare yet serious side effects of these and other ADHD medications (Kubiszyn, 2006). It has generally been agreed in past studies that only two treatments have been validated as effective short-term treatment for school-aged children with ADHD: psychosocialRead MoreBehavior Modification Therapy For Children855 Words   |  4 Pagestreat ADHD symptoms; Cognitive therapy is one of those options, this therapy aims to help the child learn to better manage certain life skills such as problem solving and self-control. Anger management is also a treatment option that is used, this treatment helps the child learn how to recognize and understand the signs of their frustration and learn a range of coping mechanisms to help minimize their aggression. In anger management they also learn relaxation techniques and stress management skillsRead MoreADHD And Odd Case Study893 Words   |  4 Pagesdisabilities may cause distractions to the class for several reasons. Evidently, the relationship between ADHD and ODD contribute to a student’s inability to be on-task and demonstr ate antisocial behaviour (Matthys and Lochman, 2017, p.3; Hamilton and Armando, p.864). The implications of ODD on the student’s education are significant due to the student’s reaction to positive behavioural management techniques may be met with uncertainty and destructiveness (NDCO, 2010, p.12). In addition, the students areRead MoreAttention Deficit Disorder ( Adhd )1669 Words   |  7 PagesHyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), is a condition affecting many children, adolescents and adults (Resnick, 2005). ADHD manifests itself through behaviors of hyperactivity, impulsivity, inattention and a lack of stick-to-itiveness (Resnick). Initially, researchers believed ADHD impacted children throughout their young lives and subsided around puberty (Kern, Rasmussen, Byrd Wittschen, 1999). By the late 20th century, researchers have discovered that 30-70 percent of children diagnosed with ADHD experience recurringRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1221 Word s   |  5 Pageshyperactivity disorder (ADHD) describes the behaviours displayed by some children who are extremely restless and energetic. These children are often impatient and find it difficult to filter out other things going on around them .Bines H, Loxlely ,A (1995) state that typically, ADHD students will have an incredibly short attention span and find it difficult to concentrate on specific tasks. According Silver L,B (1999) on-line to children with ADHD experience educational difficulties however ADHD is not a learningRead MoreStudy of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children1329 Words   |  5 PagesADHD in Children Abstract The occurrence of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been on the rise in primary school children in recent years. This study explains how this disorder impacts upon the daily life of such students, how much harmful it can be to childs mental stability while growing up and how it hinders in their learning process. Moreover, this study also focuses on the treatment methods and techniques employed by the parents and teachers of such students and howRead MoreAdhd And Its Effects On Children Essay1588 Words   |  7 Pagesdiagnosed with ADHD, 60 million children and adults in the U.S. who struggle with learning and attention issues as reported by the National Center of Learning Disabilities. Approximately 5% of school-aged children and adolescents are highly affected. Currently, medication seems to be the first line of treatment for ADHD and there are many side effects that go along with that because it is a stimulant medication. Stimulant medicines do not help with all behaviors and signs of ADHD. ADHD is the most common

Jane Austen s Clueless - 1949 Words

In Emma, the character Jane Austen presents in the novel is the type of person who likes to meddle in other people’s lives. In the film Clueless, Cher is an impersonation of Emma’s character. She also manipulates the situation, meddles in people’s lives because she feels she can manage them better than they can. In this particular adaptation of Emma, Emma is portrayed through the character Cher. Cher is also a meddler in other people’s lives. This sets the film up for an interesting and developing plot. Cher Horowitz illuminates Emma Woodhouse because they both exist in that precarious realm where lovable threatens to tip over into loathsome, but doesn’t. In the process of narrowly avoiding awfulness, both of these princesses give us†¦show more content†¦The ensuing disconnect between Emma’s perception and the reality of her surroundings forms the crux of Austen’s novel. Just as Cher convinces herself that Elton loves Tai and Christian loves her, everything that Emma imagines is occurring in her small village turns out to be wrong, and she manipulates people and events with disastrous results. Emma suffers little limitation as she goes to the Cole’s party, to the ball at the Crown, and to the excursion at Box Hill, provided all was safe at Hartfield. The fact that this represents Emma s change of response to her father rather than being a change in Mr. Woodhouse himself is made clear by details which would have felt inconceivable in book three, for instance, we casually hear that Emma had replaced the small uncomfortable table at Hartfield with a modern round table sometime in the unspecified past. Emma can make the reader sympathize with her. She is the only person in the novel who actually decides to make over another character in her own image, but she’s not alone in being constrained by ego. And so it was with Jane Austen as person and novelist. To establish a connection between her art and classicism viewed as measure and balance is al- most to belabor the obvious. Nor is it necessary to prove a direct relationship of study and influence. It is enough to see that Jane intuitively understood the rules,

Child Abuse And An Abusive Past Essay - 1945 Words

No one ever considers who may have had an abusive past. Take for instants Kane Blacque, a successful and happy man from Edmonton, Canada. He is a loving husband with a wonderful job and a new puppy. However, few people realize that he suffered from child abuse from his own mother and multiple foster homes. Blacque’s mother mistreated her children so poorly that she had killed his baby sister. From that point on Blacque and his brother bounced from one foster home to the next. Blacque claims that he was abused emotionally, sexually, and physically at the various foster homes he lived in. He eventually ages out of the system, but that did not bring happy times. Blacque found his way into drugs, alcohol, prostitution, and he even tried to commit suicide multiple times. It took Blacque many years to find actual purpose in his life, but when he did he understood that the past made him into the person he is today. Blacque only brought up the painful memories of being abuse d as a child to Global News after a four-year old girl was abused to death in the care of a foster family. Blacque himself states that â€Å"social workers had noticed bruises on my arms, or burns-but nothing was ever done.† Blacque’s point is that the system he was in thirty-seven years ago, is still turning a blind eye to the abuse that is happening in foster homes. Very few people can make the slow recovery from abuse like Blacque could, however, many end up like the unfortunate four-year old. InShow MoreRelatedChildren Are Victims Of Child Abuse1353 Words   |  6 PagesNovember 10, 2014 Damage Done Did you know that more than six million children are victims of child abuse in the United States? We lose four to seven children every day due to abuse and neglect. The United States has one of the highest child abuse records across the nation (National Child Abuse Statistics 1). Children can be abused in many ways including neglect, physical, mental, sexual and emotional abuse. People do not realize the severity of this epidemic. More and more children are being effectedRead MoreEssay about Chilc Abuse1035 Words   |  5 Pagesare approximately one million reports of child maltreatment, about 25% relate to physical abuse and about 1000 children die of maltreatment each year (US Department of Health and Human Services 1999). During the past few decades, researchers have aimed at detecting the children, who are at high risk of becoming victims of abuse, so that appropriate interventions can be undertaken. The risk factors that have been emphasized include characteristics of the chi ld, family, and social environment, and theRead MoreChild Abuse : The Unintentional Cover Up1303 Words   |  6 PagesChild Abuse: The Unintentional Cover Up Found all over the world, in every social economic class, child abuse is still present even though its terms and definitions have changed over the years. Child abuse is rarely reported by the kids or parents, but by responsible adults in authority over the victim. The poem â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† by Theodore Roethke reflects the issue of child abuse, by portraying a young child’s attempt to normalize an abusive situation. Survival mechanisms used by children in abusiveRead MoreThe Worst Of Child Sex Abuse Essay1023 Words   |  5 PagesDEACOSTA CORWRIT TGE002 US Worst in Child Sex Abuse Sexual abuse of children damages them for them entire lifetimes and robs them of the full, comfortable relationships they should have as adults. However, given these differences, sexual abuses evokes similar responses in everyone because it is as aggressive and conceive abuses of power that is expensive as humiliating, degrading and destruction. One of the major achievements of the past quarter century has been the growingRead MoreEssay on Child Abuse and Neglect1519 Words   |  7 Pages Many children in the US have to endure child abuse. Most people do not understand the consequences the abused children have to live with for the rest of their lives. Because child abuse is a long-term problem, it impacts not only the child and family, but also the society as a whole. Children who are abused usually end up with self-esteem problems and lose their self-confidence. Therefore, they end up getting addicted to drugs or alcohol, which can create problems f or their whole communityRead MoreAbuse and Heredity1429 Words   |  6 PagesAbuse and Heredity Research question: Is child abuse hereditary? There are many types of abuse such as alcohol abuse, drug abuse, domestic abuse just to name a few but of all the types of abuse there is one type of abuse that is probably one of the easiest to pass down and that is child abuse. Child abuse is easy to pass down because we look to what we know when were not certain what to do. The term for passing down child abuse is known as intergenerational abuse. There are four methods of childRead MoreCauses And Consequences Of An Abusive Relationship845 Words   |  4 Pagescommonly posed question is what would cause someone to stay in an abusive relationship. There are many reasons for not leaving, but the most common reason is fear. For many victims it seems financially impossible, or they still hold out hope that their partner will change. Almost all of the victims have been told that if they leave there will be worse repercussions for them and any children involved. The primary causes for staying in an abusive relationship are fear of lea ving because of finances, and fearRead MoreLong Term Effects of Children of Addictive Parents1584 Words   |  7 PagesParents Nothing makes a child grow up faster than having a parent who is addicted to drugs. A child of an addicted parent has no choice but to act as an adult. These children are often left alone and when they aren’t alone, their addicted parent is usually passed out in a drug induced stupor; leaving the child to fend for themselves and/or their siblings. Does having a drug addicted parent have an effect on a child’s emotional development? If so, does this form of abuse that is recognized in theRead MoreEmotional Trauma Within The Family1568 Words   |  7 Pages Emotional Trauma within the Family Parental substance abuse directly affects the emotional well-being of children within the family. It is estimated that one in four children in the United States are exposed to a family member’s alcohol abuse or dependence, and one in six children lives with a parent who has used illicit drugs in the past year (Journal of Child and Family Social Work). Children exposed to parental substance abuse are at an increased risk for various problems such as, emotionalRead MoreDomestic Abuse And Substance Abuse1546 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic abuse and substance in a family can traumatize any children going through this outbreak. Spouses, parents, stepparents, children, siblings, elderly relatives, and intimate partners may all be targets of domestic/substance abuse. Domestic violence is the most risk factor impacting a child’s social, emotional, and physical wellbeing. Violence, aggression, and substance abuse between members of the family have been continued patterns of family life. I want to see the outcome of how children

Atticus Finch in To Kill a Mocking Bird by Harper Lee and

Atticus Finch is head of the throne over Joe Gargery of Great Expectations and Chlomo Wiesel of Night. I believe that Atticus Finch is an astoundingly well adjusted father for many reasons. First of all, he was a single parent that managed to make time for Jem and Scout, his two children. He is also a courageous, generous, forgiving, and honest man. Atticus Finch is a single parent working an exceptionally hard job to bring in enough income to pay his maid and supply the needs for his children. He is away most of the day at the courthouse defending his clients. Although his job sometimes required long hours, he still made time to read to his daughter at bedtime and pass a ball with his son.Therefore, Atticus Finch of To Kill a Mockingbird is the better father over Joe Gargery of Great Expectations and Chlomo Wiesel of Night because of his courageousness, generosity, forgiveness, and honesty. Atticus shows true courage by trying every way to help others who were in the need of it. First of all, it is courageous of Atticus to take the Tom Robinson case. Even his own family disagreed of taking the case because of the bias. He takes many risks when taking the Tom Robinson case. He risks the chance of critization by the people that live in the Maycomb County. Mrs. Dubose criticizes him when she said, â€Å"Atticus is a Nigger lover!’’ (100). With many prejudice people living in Maycomb County Atticus also risks the chance of not being re-elected for legislature. Secondly, it isShow MoreRelatedKill A Mockingbird, By Harper Lee1197 Words   |  5 Pageswas awfully limited. These conflicts construct Harper Lee’s novel, To Kill a Mocking Bird. In To Kill a Mocking Bird, Lee establishes the concurrence of good and evil, meaning whether people are naturally good or naturally evil. Lee uses symbolism, characterization, and plot to portray the instinctive of go od and evil. To Kill a Mocking Bird, a novel by Harper Lee takes place during the 1930s in the Southern United States. The protagonist, Scout Finch, is a tomboy that is at the age of six at theRead MoreTo Kill a Mocking Bird Is a Relevant Novel Essay842 Words   |  4 PagesTo Kill A Mocking Bird Essay Many people as well as Suzanne Swan think that the novel To Kill A Mocking Bird is outdated and should not be taught in schools nowadays. However, she is incorrect. This old historical literature is very educational and useful for high school students. Even though some novels get put aside, they teach students a lot about our history and life lessons. To Kill A Mocking Bird has been the most popular novel taught in high schools all around North America since 1970.Read MoreThe Significance of the Title To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee1095 Words   |  5 PagesThe Significance of the Title To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee In this novel the most significant symbol is the mocking bird. A mocking bird is a type of Finch: a small, discrete bird with a beautiful song, which mocks or imitates the other birds song. One of the most explicit references made about mocking birds is that in chapter 10. Atticus is telling Scout and Jem how top use their shotguns for the first time, he says, Shoot all the bluejays you want, ifRead MoreEssay about To Kill A Mocking Bird625 Words   |  3 Pagesbackyard, but I know you’ll go after the birds. Shoot all the bluejays you want, if you can hit ‘em, but remember it’s a sin to kill a mocking bird.† Atticus Finch recites these lines to his two children, Jem and Scout after he gives them air-rifles for Christmas. Scout is curious, as this is the first time that she has ever heard her father refer to anything as a sin, Scout asks Miss Maude what Atticus meant by this. Miss Maude tells Scout that mocking birds don’t rip up people’s garden’s or annoyRead MoreKill A Mockingbird, By William Robinson And Jean Louise1572 Words   |  7 Pages To Kill A Mockingbird Thesis: The phrase of killing a mockingbird represents the iniquity to vitiate something good and relatively unmarred, as mockingbirds do nothing but sing beautiful songs; they are innocent and harmless. This motif can also be interpreted as a symbol of imitation, or mocking - the mockingbird is known for its ersatz of other birds songs. This mockingbird motif, the foremosttheme, is exemplified by the actions and words of three characters in To Kill A Mockingbird -Read More To Kill a Mockingbird - The Powerful Character of Atticus Finch692 Words   |  3 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird - The Powerful Character of Atticus Finch In the beginning epigraph of To Kill a Mocking Bird, Harper Lee quotes a statement made by Charles Lamb: Lawyers, I suppose, were children once. As told through the eyes of the rambunctious elementary school child, Scout Finch, we see not only how she and her brothers lives are affected by their community, also how they develop and mature under the watch of their father, lawyer Atticus Finch. As a wise role model to hisRead MoreFlaws of Society Essay942 Words   |  4 PagesSociety – To Kill a Mocking Bird Bailey Moser October, 13 2012 Some novels and plays seem to advocate changes in social or political attitudes, or in traditions. Note briefly the particular attitudes or traditions that Harper Lee apparently wishes to modify. Then analyze the techniques she uses to influence the readers views. Do not merely summarize the plot. The novel, To Kill a Mocking Bird, was a revolutionary tale about growing up and the flaws in society. The author, Harper Lee, uses logosRead MoreThe Sword Of Destiny Character Analysis1585 Words   |  7 Pagessetting the theme of racism deals with real life problems, like the perception of the mases on minorities. On the other hand, â€Å"To Kill a Mocking Bird† by Harper Lee takes a more realistic approach as her book setting is in 1930’s. The narrator Scout Finch, the daughter of Atticus Finch, shows her life experience in the summer of 1936. The â€Å"perfect father† Atticus Finch is a lawyer and he accepts a case of a â€Å"black† man Tom Robinson, who was accused of raping a â€Å"white† woman. The theme of racism surroundsRead MoreLynch Mob To Kill A Mockingbird875 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿How the Lynch Mob was presented in How to Kill a Mocking Bird In to kill a mocking, Harper Lee uses a range of techniques to present the mob in a bad, and in cases a mocking light. When first coming on to scene, the mob is presented as one shadowy figure, but when actually inspected closely upon, it is seen that that is not the truth at all. When first shown, the lynch mob is anonymous, firstly shown when they arrive â€Å"shadows became substances as light revealed solid shapes moving towards theRead MoreKill A Mocking Bird By Harper Lee Essay1581 Words   |  7 PagesTo Kill a Mocking Bird is a written narrative by Harper Lee. The story is a linked sequence of conflict as seen through the eyes of a little girl named Scout. It looks back at a time when social injustice of prejudice was prevalent. The story if full of interesting characters, some good and some bad, but each very important to the plot of the story. It is very important to understand each of character’s views and the plot of the story as it plays an important role in the overall theme of the story

Hummingbird Bakery Kitchen Layout

Question: Discuss about theHummingbird Bakeryfor Kitchen Layout. Answer: Policies Procedures During Service During peak hours, remain calm and listen for orders from your supervisor. Always acknowledge the orders by replying with YES or OK. Do not argue with fellow workers; cooks or service personnel. Solve problems at the end of the peak time. Using a glass to drink from is prohibited because they are easily knocked over and broken, the result is broken glass in the mise-en-place. You are of course allowed to use the plastic mugs. No screaming and shouting, remain quiet but ask to repeat the order if not understood (Mise En Place, 2017) Kitchen Layout It is important to know where all steps and floor changes are to help prevent tripping accidents. Become aware of the physical characteristics of the floor in the area in which you work. Keep the floors clean and dry/ clean any spills up quickly. Food Preparation Equipment Because of the potential to cause accidents, broken or incorrectly operating equipment should be reported to your supervisor. Make sure that you know how to use a machine properly before you use it. If you are not familiar, please ask your supervisor (Mise En Place, 2017). Front of House Policy Procedures To ensure the day - to - day presentation and sale of the Hummingbird product range is in accordance with targets and schedules set by the Branch Manager To ensure all Front of House Team Members perform their duties in accordance with Hummingbird policies, rules, regulations To ensure all Front of House Team Members present and sell in accordance with Hummingbird standards of customer service To ensure the standard of cleanliness and Food Hygiene within the shop area To ensure compliance with Health Safety regulations for the Front of House Team and the public ("Front of House Manager Job Descriptions", 2017). Reference List Front of House Manager Job Descriptions. (2017). Front Recruitment. Retrieved 17 February 2017, from https://www.frontrecruitment.co.uk/front-of-house-manager-job-description/ SOP - BAR / Lounge - MISE EN PLACE. (2017). Setupmyhotel.com. Retrieved 17 February 2017, from https://setupmyhotel.com/train-my-hotel-staff/how-to-define-sop-in-hotels/f-and-b-service-sop/215-mise-en-place.html

The theatre of the

The theatre of the-wolf-at-the-door Essay Outline1 Theatre managers discuss the recession and prospects for the year ahead  2 Victoria Nolan, managing director, Indiana Repertory Theatre  3 Ron Himes, producing director, St. Louis Black Repertory Company  4 John Sullivan, managing director, American Conservatory Theater Theatre managers discuss the recession and prospects for the year ahead   Drowning isnt a sport. A drowning man isnt concerned with his form; his only thought is staying alive. He flails and gasps and kicks like mad. This may keep him afloat, but very few would mistake his plight for swimming. There are a lot of former swimmers in danger of drowning todaymajor corporations, once the stalwarts of industry, have foundered and local, state and federal governments seem ready to go down for the third time, threatening to take Joe and Joan Q. Taxpayer with them. Its not at all surprising, then, to hear that theatres across the country find themselves in an analogous situation. Its the nature of a vital art form that it will endure, even prevail; but the art of hardship is different (and only to hopeless romantics necessarily better) than that produced in times of relative bounty by artists at liberty to confront issues and ideas of their choosing. The theatre of the-wolf-at-the-door may be exciting and passionate, but it is still limited. One of the earliest effects of the emaciation that characterizes this theatre of lack is the phrase a one-man/woman show following a plays title in the season brochure, or a conversation/evening with preceding a famous name in the title of a play in the same brochure. Such ventures represent an often reluctant compromise struck by allies: the artistic director of the theatre and its managing director. It falls to the managing director, by some combination of discipline and alchemy or as Victoria Nolan, managing director of the Indiana Repertory Theatre in Indianapolis put it, by magic and thumbscrews to convince the wolf to try another door. Early in January, Barbara Janowitz, Theatre Communication Groups director of management and government programs, looked back over 1992 and offered a preview of the recently completed survey that will be the basis of the special Theatre Facts report in the upcoming April issue of American Theatre. According to Janowitz, this years findings are the bleakest in the 20-year history of the TCG survey, as expenses outpaced income and contributions failed to compensate for inflation. Sadly, the kind of control over expenses theatres were forced to exercise included serious losses in artistic and human resources theatres produced fewer plays throughout the season and suffered staff cut-backs. The survey reveals the first erosion in what was always a consistently growing subscription base. Cutbacks in programming designed to minimize deficits seriously affected such key areas as developmental workshops, readings and touring. Staff downsizing and salary freezes resulted in a below-inflation increase in total salaries. And, increased contributions from individuals and foundations were offset by a decline in corporate support and plummeting government grants, Janowitz said. As the grim year drew to a close, managers of five very different theatres spoke frankly about their institutions financial situations and conjectured about the year to come, as a new U.S. President was about to take the helm and the economic outlook showed signs of change. Not all of them were experiencing the disastrous effects of the recession. But, despite considerable differences in mission, geographical location and budget size of their respective institutions, their messages had definite points of intersection. Plotting these on a prescriptive graph may help shape the art and the policies that affect it in the year ahead. Margot Harley, executive producer, The Acting Company, New York We are the last professional touring repertory company in the country, and a unique problem of our kind of theatre is that we have no individual constituency, which is normally a huge portion of the fund-raising pie. Consequently, we are more at the mercy of the National Endowment for the Arts, and weve been hit worse than most by the recession. We made a decision to stop touring for the year and take a hard look at whether or not touring is possible. Weve received an Arts Forward Fund grant for long-range planning, which will enable us to decide whether or not we should change what we were doingdo it better, more efficiently or change the thrust. I would hope that funders would see the importance of underwriting general support for the arts. Having funding only for specific projects forces people to do things they may not be as interested in doing. I dont see how we can continue without general operating support. In our company we have extremely low overhead; most of our budget goes into the touring. Were not supporting a building, were supporting our programs, but without that support for general operating expenses, there are no programs. All in the timing: six one-act comedies. EssayOur support went up from all the public funding agencies, mainly because they knew we were making the move to the new space with increased expenses and wanted to show their support for our growth. With the higher visibility the move has given us, we have acquired more corporate underwriting for productions, and if we continue the path were on, there will be a lot more sponsors jumping on the corporate bandwagon. Were going through a transition after having done a lot of big shows now were dealing with budget constraints, so were doing small shows. But theres still a balance. The March show, Black Eagles, has a cast of 13; Jar the Floor has 5, and the last show will have a cast of 20. Im optimistic about an upswing in the economy in the coming year. Now the task becomes finding out what will interest the corporate sponsor. In the current climate, that has become much more important for us than just going in and asking for a gift. When weve found projects that have interested them and will give them visibility, theyve come up big. Im hoping that we will finally, truly, have a kinder, gentler Administration. I expect that there will be a lot of stimulation of business, of the private sector, and that rejuvenation should begin to spill over. I hope to see the Endowment begin to assert itself as a leader in advocacy and support for the arts establishing an environment that will encourage and stimulate growth. John Sullivan, managing director, American Conservatory Theater Its been a tough market to sell tickets in, but weve also got a fairly complex situation here in that were in the midst of an artistic transition. So Im not sure how much of a factor the economys been. I dont think the economy can be blamed for all of the current difficulties; something more fundamental is at work that I dont pretend to understand: I think it has something to do with the hyperactivity of life these days and how people think of culture in the midst of that hyperactivity or dont think of it. Thats a fairly subtle and complex circumstance we have to address; it comes down to more than the economy or just the price of tickets. Weve had the highest renewal rate that weve ever had coming into this year, almost 84 percent; our subscribers have really stuck with us, but new subscribers were difficult to get, and single tickets are quite soft. Were looking at restructuring, but wed be doing that regardless of the economic situation. Carey Perloffs now on board as artistic director, and weve had a chance to see how she and the institution mesh. Were a theatre doing a lot of new work: We did the new Dario Fo piece, were in the midst of the new adaptation of Duchess of Malfi, and were working on a project with ATT and the New York Shakespeare Festival, a production of Elizabeth Egloffs The Devils. But when projected income is off, the difficult part is to try to structure some sort of vaguely authentic dialogue between the board and the artistic staff. In times of difficult ticket sales, the normal board prescription not specific to our board, but any board comes out something like, We need some happy plays, plays that will make us feel good, plays that will sell. Of course, we hope every play we do will sell and make people feel good. But the work has to grow out of our singular artistic expression. Thats why Ive felt its important to try to create a dialogue that engages people, its important to focus on the fact that something far greater and more general than just an economic recession is happening. Were just one small se gment of a world in enormous change. I dont care if you sell cars or commodities or theatre tickets; no matter what business youre in, the market is changing in ways we just dont understand. Thats what makes the dialogue interesting, that equal footing. While its much more difficult to get corporate sponsorship, I think until the arts community redefines why were important, why what we do is important, we cant expect the private sector to offer general support. Ronald Reagan really redefined things, in effect, he completely marginalized the arts. The collectivity of our minds and souls was essential to his ideal of building a consumer culture and the arts are about creating an environment where individuals can flourish. In that marginalizing process, we lost the language that enabled us to characterize what we are doing and its worth to our society. So all I really ask of the new Administration is the opportunity to find the words and the meaning to express why what we do is important.

Singapore Airlines

Executive Summary Singapore Airlines is a premium carrier in Asia’s aviation industry. It is associated with excellent services and affordable prices. Its success is mainly attributed to its ability to pursue both cost leadership and differentiation strategies. Currently, its corporate strategy involves investing in aviation related businesses. Its business and functional level strategies focus on enhancing high service quality and achieving cost efficiency.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Singapore Airlines specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Singapore airline has been able to offer world class services due to the following reasons. It focuses on both process and product innovation in order to improve product quality. It is also involved in overseas ventures, improving the efficiency of internal communication and promoting a people-centered culture. It has since launched a subsidiary in Australia, Tiger Airways. Unlike SIA, Tiger Airways is a budget currier whose business model is based on a cost leadership strategy (Tiger Airways, 2011). Tiger Airways concentrates on providing low cost flights to various destinations from Australia by eliminating non-essential costs in its operations. It has not been able to achieve the same level of success as SIA due to the low quality of its services. Thus it can improve its performance by improving the quality of its services in addition to maintaining the low prices. SIA on the other hand should focus on maintaining low prices, high quality and flexibility. Introduction Singapore Airlines (SIA) is one of the most profitable and fast growing airlines in Asia’s aviation industry. Since its inception in 1947, the airline has progressively expanded by increasing its fleet size as well as the number of its routes. By 1993, the firm had the youngest fleet in the industry. Its success is mainly based on prudent management that is chara cterized by formulation and implementation of effective operation strategy (Heracleous and Wirts, 2009, pp. 1-6). This has enabled it to withstand the adverse effects of economic recessions that have been experienced in various parts of the world over the years. This paper focuses on SIA’s operation strategy by analyzing the factors contributing to the airline’s success.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Recommendations on how SIA can develop in future will also be discussed. Finally, the operation strategy of Tiger Airlines Australia, a subsidiary of SIA, will be analyzed and compared to that of SIA. Factors that Make SIA a World Class Service Provider SIA is associated with high product quality and excellent customer services. The firm’s mission focuses on offering high quality services that are also affordable to majority of its customers. Th e firm has thus been able to realize its mission by taking advantage of its strengths which include the following. Innovation and Development SIA is committed to investing in a variety of modern technology as well as product and service innovation. Innovation at the company has been achieved through on-going research and development initiatives and overseas ventures. Consequently, SIA has been able to offer new services which include free drinks, a choice of meals, in-flight phones and fax services (Johnston, 1996, p. 510). It also continues to improve the quality of facilities at Changai Airport to enhance the quality of its services. By staying ahead of its competitors in all aspects of the business, SIA is able to offer world class services. Overseas Ventures SIA partnered with Swissair and Delta Airline in 1989 in order to offer high quality flights to various parts of the world (Johnston, 1996, p. 511). The partnership enabled the firm to improve coordination of flight schedule s and sharing of airport facilities. Consequently, it has been able to avoid customer dissatisfaction arising from delays and difficulty in connecting to other parts of the world from Singapore. Customer Services SIA focuses on offering excellent customer services by encouraging its employees to be very attentive and responsive to customers’ needs. The company is able to distinguish between bad and good services by paying attention to every detail of customers’ needs (Johnston, 1996, p. 512). In order to maintain excellent customer services, the cabin crews are regularly trained on how to improve the quality of their services. Besides, the quality of the aircrafts’ cabins such as the quality of seats is also improved regularly.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Singapore Airlines specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More People-Centered Approach The management aims at developing its human re sources in order to enhance the quality of services. It focuses on hiring talented employees who bring new ideas on how to improve the quality of services (Johnston, 1996, p. 512). The human resources department helps employees to improve their skills through training. Such training programs not only aim at improving existing skills but also aim at creating new ones. Consequently, the employees are able to offer excellent services at all levels in the company. Efficient Internal Communication Effective and efficient communication has been achieved at SIA through various newsletters and magazines (Johnston, 1996, p. 513). This has enabled the firm to effectively communicate its strategic objectives to its employees. The employees are also informed of their performance targets as well as the company’s commitment to improve the quality of services. Thus, teamwork, coordination and quality of services have tremendously improved over the years. SIA’s Operation Strategy Oper ation strategy refers to the â€Å"total pattern of decisions which shape the long-term capabilities of any type of operation and their contribution to the overall strategy through the reconciliation of market requirements with operations’ resources† (Dess, 2002, p. 76). Thus, it is the tool used by the management to determine how to offer services to customers. SIA’s operation strategy can be described as follows. Corporate Level Strategy The corporate level strategy directs the activities of the firm by defining the long-term goals and objectives to be achieved. It is normally expressed in the company’s mission statement. SIA’s corporate strategy focuses on providing high quality and affordable services. As an airline, SIA concentrates in the business of providing air transportation services from Singapore to various parts of the world. Consequently, the firm has been investing in air transportation alongside related businesses such as ground han dling services, aircraft maintenance and catering services. The related businesses provide supportive services that help in improving the quality of the firm’s air transportation services (Daraban and Fournier. 2008, pp. 15-24).Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, the aircraft maintenance segment helps in maintaining the efficiency of the aircrafts while the catering segment provides meals to passengers. Most of the company’s resources are channeled towards improving the transportation segment since it is the core business of the firm. Business Level Strategy Business level strategy defines the dimensions along which a firm should compete in its industry as well as the relevant goals and objectives that it should pursue (Feiler and Goodoritch. 2009, pp. 55-64). SIA’s mission is to provide high quality services at competitive prices. Consequently, it competes along the dimensions of high product quality and competitive prices. The firm’s products are differentiated in terms of their high quality and affordable prices. SIA’s strategic objective thus is to remain profitable and achieve rapid growth through world class services. Functional Level Functional level strategy is concerned with how the various functions such as marketing contribute to the overall strategy. It is also concerned with the objectives of the organization’s functions and how resources allocated for such functions should be managed (Hazeldine, 2010, pp. 40-43). At SIA, the human resources management contributes to the overall strategy by hiring talented employees as well as creating new skills through training. The marketing activities focus on high service quality by paying attention to detail and developing products that meet customers’ needs. Customer services contribute to the overall strategy by promoting responsiveness to customers’ needs. Finally, the financial management initiatives help in accessing the capital for implementing the overall strategy through acquisitions and partnerships/ joint ventures. Effectiveness of the Strategy The effectiveness of SIA’s strategy can be evaluated in terms of the five operation performance objectives namely, cost, quality, speed, dependabi lity and flexibility. SIA has been able to achieve cost effectiveness by flying a young fleet thereby saving fuel and maintenance costs. It has also been able to connect passengers to various destinations at low costs by forming an alliance with Swissair (Johnston, 1996, p. 511). High product quality has been achieved through product innovation, staff training and investment in modern technology. Quick decision making and execution of various tasks has been realized through effective and efficient internal communication systems. On-going research and development has enabled the firm to offer consistent services (dependability). Besides, it has enabled the firm to remain flexible in its operations. For example, the airline has aircrafts of different sizes; thus it can easily change the amount of capacity deployed to a particular route as demand changes. SIA Development in Future: Platts-Gregory Procedure The Platts-Gregory procedure points out the difference between the requirements of the market and the achieved performance of the company. The difference or gap between the two can be reduced by formulating and implementing an effective operation strategy. The Platts-Gregory is implemented in three stages which can be illustrated by figure 1. Figure 1 Step One The company’s current market position is defined at this stage by evaluating the opportunities available to it as well as the threats facing it in the industry. Hence, the market demand facts such as the expected product characteristics, quality, flexibility, lead-time and prices must be assessed (Franke, and John, 2010, pp. 19-26). SIA is a market leader in Singapore’s aviation industry. Currently, it offers exemplary services in the industry. However, not all customers are satisfied with the quality of its services and thus the firm must consistently improve the quality of its services. Effective and efficient communication and coordination has enabled the firm to reduce the delivery time . Thus the services are provided at an acceptable speed. Extensive investment in research and development has also enabled the firm to maintain flexibility in its operations. This means that SIA can easily vary its level of production inline with demand dynamics. Even though SIA focuses on providing affordable services, it is not the lowest cost producer in the industry. Low-cost airlines in Singapore are currently the lowest cost producers (Graham, 2009, pp. 306-316). Consequently, SIA is not able to compete with them on the line of low prices. We can conclude that there is a small difference between customers’ needs and the actual performance of SIA. This means that the actual performance of SIA satisfies the customers’ expectations to a great extent. Step Two This stage involves evaluation of the capability of the firm’s operation in terms of its scope, facilities, and capacity. The scope of SIA’s operation enables it to offer a variety of services to its customers. These include in-flight phone and fax services, world class entertainment and efficient connection to a variety of destinations. SIA also boasts of modern and adequate facilities such as new aircrafts, modern airport lounges and aircraft maintenance facilities. These help it to improve its efficiency and level of customer satisfaction (Morrell, 2008, pp. 61-67). The management has been able to expand the capacity of the firm through various expansion programs such as acquisition of additional aircrafts, joint ventures and alliances as well as expansion of airport facilities. Thus they have been able to cope with the increase in demand for their services. Step Three In step three, new strategies are developed to enable the company compete effectively within its industry. The new strategies will thus be discussed in terms of the market demand facts highlighted in step one. Delivery lead-time can be improved by reducing the time required to provide the services. For inst ance, the flight delay and cancelation rates should be reduced to less than 5%. Time limits should be set for delivering in-flight services such as serving drinks (Morrell, 2008, pp. 61-67). For example, such services can be provided within one minute. Reliability relates to the firm’s consistency in offering particular services to customers. SIA can improve its reliability by identifying a particular range of products and provide them at a standard high quality to the customers (Nicolau, 2010, pp. 254-260). This means that the firm should not compromise on the availability and quality of its products. Maintaining high levels of flexibility is important due to the seasonal fluctuations in demand for flights. SIA should thus improve its flight schedules in order to serve its route network effectively. Deployment of capacity to particular routes should be informed by the level of demand (Nicolau, 2010, pp. 254-260). The quality of SIA’s services is currently very high. H owever, continuous innovation and employee training can help in maintaining or improving the quality of the services. Finally, emphasis must be placed on cost efficiency in order to reduce prices. The effectiveness of the new strategy should be evaluated in terms of the roles of order winning and qualifying factors. Order winning factors are those that have direct and significant influence on the firm’s ability sell its products (Dess, 2002, p. 143). They include timely arrivals and departures, safety and affordable prices. Order winning factors must be improved for the business to increase its sales. Qualifying factors are those that are important but have no direct influence on the firm’s ability to sell its products. They include meals and drinks during flights. Qualifying factors must be there so that the firm’s products can be considered by customers. The role of these factors in the products life cycle is illustrated in figure 2. Competitors The firm†™s products should be compared with those of the competitors by considering the following parameters. The order winning factors should offer crucial advantages to customers. Qualifying factors should be comparable to industry standards. The products should be â€Å"consistently and clearly better than the nearest competitor’s products† (Dess, 2002, p. 144). They should also be better than those of most competitors. SIA’s Current Operation Strategy SIA has positioned itself as â€Å"a premium carrier with high levels of innovation and excellent levels of services† (Heracleous and Wirts, 2009, pp. 1-6). Besides, it has given precedence to profitability over size. The key aspects of its operations include continuous human resources development and rigorous product design. SIA’s strategy at the corporate level involves diversification by investing in related businesses. Currently, SAI group has 36 subsidiaries and associated businesses. Some of its s ubsidiaries include â€Å"Tiger Airlines, Singapore Airport and Singapore Engineering Company† (Heracleous and Wirts, 2009, pp. 1-6). SIA is a member of the Star Alliance and has also invested in aviation related businesses in India and China through alliances and joint ventures. The use of modern information technology is an integral part of its strategy. The technology is particularly used to enhance customer services and to improve efficiency. At the business level, SIA focuses on providing premium services through product differentiation. The high quality product/ services are also provided at prices that are comparable to those of low-cost carriers. Thus SIA pursues â€Å"a dual strategy of differentiation and cost leadership† (Harvey, 2010, pp. 287-307). At the functional level, various processes such as marketing are aimed at improving the quality of services and lowering the cost of providing such services. The five pillars of SIA’s current strategy can be described as follows. First, it focuses on rigorous product design and development. At SIA, the process of designing and developing products is viewed as a structured effort (Heracleous and Wirts, 2009, pp. 1-6). It has a product development department that perfects and adequately tests any changes prior to their introduction. The department designs new products, tests them and assess customers’ reactions before such products are introduced. Second, SIA concentrates on total innovation. Its aim is â€Å"to be just a bit better in all its functions and offerings than its competitors† (Heracleous and Wirts, 2009, pp. 1-6). It focuses on constant incremental innovation which is cost-effective but delivers the desired quality. Third, SAI aims at achieving strategic synergies through diversification. The subsidiaries act as training grounds and source of learning for employees. Fourth the firm prefers to remain profitable rather than increasing its size. Finally, it conc entrates on developing employees through appropriate training. The current strategy is comparable to the recommendations discussed above since it promotes maintaining low cost in production and enhancing high service quality through differentiation. The corporate level strategy is also comparable to the recommendations due to the fact that diversification enables the firm to invest in businesses that support its core activity of proving excellent air transportation services (Duvan, 2005, pp. 448-454). Besides, it improves the profitability of the firm thereby creating resources for implementing the overall strategy. Tiger Airways Australia Tiger Airways is jointly owned by Tiger Airways holding ltd, Singapore Airlines and Dahlia Investments ltd. Unlike SIA, Tiger Airways is a budget carrier that competes along the dimensions of low costs. Its business model is based on maintaining simplicity in order to achieve the lowest operating costs. It concentrates on evaluating every aspect o f its operations in order to eliminate non-essential costs. Tiger’s strategic objective is to maximize profits by developing a route network that is characterized by a high passenger load factor and prudent management of capacity (Tiger Airways, 2011). Thus the development of Tiger Airways did not follow the operating strategy of SIA. While Tiger Airways concentrates solely on cost leadership, SIA focuses on both cost leadership and differentiation. Problems Associated with Tiger’s Operation Strategy SIA went wrong in formulating the operation strategy for Tiger Airways. To begin with, SIA over emphasized the need to maintain low production costs in the industry. While the company managed to provide the lowest prices in Australia, it neglected the need to provide high quality services (Forsyth, 2010, pp. 204-255). This can be explained by the complaints raised by customers and the industry regulator about its poor services. In 2010 Tiger had a low on-time departure rat e of only 73.9% as well as a low on-time arrival of 72.8% (Tiger Airways, 2011). In 2011, it received about four warnings from the industry regulator for failing to comply with the security requirements at various ports in Australia. Consequently, its services were suspended in July 2011 by the Civil Aviation Authority. The poor services not only led to high levels of customer dissatisfaction but also led to huge losses. After resuming its operations, the airline had to reduce the size of its fleet and route network due to low demand. The management also failed to correctly judge the level of competition in the industry. When Tiger Airways lowered its prices in order to attract customers, other airlines such as Qantas did the same (McGurk, 2009, pp. 635-652). Since Tiger was not able to sustain the low prices for long, it found itself introducing extra fees for non-essential services. For example, it introduced a fee for check-in luggage and ticketing services at check-in. The overa ll effect was an increase in its prices which was against its cost leadership strategy. There was no focus on staff training and development at Tiger Airlines. Staff development through adequate training and skill improvement programs has been one of the major organizational pillars of SIA (Heracleous and Wirts, 2009, pp. 1-6). Its failure to replicate the same staff development programs at Tiger Airlines can be explained by the mistakes made by the cockpit crews in 2011. Despite the several warnings issued by the Civil Aviation Authority to Tiger Airline, its pilots kept flying their aircrafts very low at the Sydney Airport. Consequently, they risked causing accidents at the airport and losses to the company. Besides, such mistakes led to low customer confidence on the company’s safety standards. Need for a Different Approach SIA should have approached the launch of Tiger Airways differently due to the following reasons. First, the budget carrier business is not well develop ed in the region. Thus customers are not only interested in low prices but are also emotionally attached to various add-in services such as in-flight drinks (Trethway, 2004, pp. 3-14). Second, the customers are very demanding in terms of their expectations on the quality of services. Consequently, SIA should have focused on introducing the high service quality at Tiger Airways. Finally, SIA had the resources and technical capability to initiate innovation at Tiger Airways in order to provide high quality low-cost services. For instance a service department should have been established to design and introduce new products that ensure low operating costs without compromising the quality of services (Trethway, 2004, pp. 3-14). Recommendations SIA’s ability to offer world class services is based on its commitment to product and process innovation through research and development. Its success is attributed to the fact that it has been able to simultaneously pursue cost leadership and differentiation strategies. However, it can consider the following recommendations in order to improve its profitability in future. First, SIA should join new markets through joint ventures and partnerships (Trethway, 2004, pp. 3-14). For instance it can join emerging economies in Asia and Africa which are currently under serviced in order to increase its profits. Second, it should formulate its growth strategies within the strategic foresight framework. This will enable it to identify future customer needs. Hence it will be able to develop new products and identify new markets to satisfy emerging needs. Finally, it should focus on strengthening its core competencies such as excellent customer services in order to maintain its competitiveness. Tiger Airways on the other hand should consider the following recommendations. First, it can adopt cooperative growth strategies such as outsourcing alliances and supplier alliances (Trethway, 2004, pp. 3-14). These strategies will enable it to reduce its operating costs by outsourcing non-core activities. Hence it will be able to charge low prices without compromising quality. Second, it should concentrate on improving the quality of its services in order to attract new customers and retain the existing ones (Trethway, 2004, pp. 3-14). Finally, it should also diversify into related business with the aim of improving its revenues. References Daraban, B. and Fournier, G. 2008. Incumbent Responses to Low-Cost Airline Entry and Exit: A Special Autoregressive Panel Data Analyses. Research in Transport economics, 24(1), pp. 15-24. Dess, G. 2002. Strategic Management. New York: McGraw-Hill. Duvan, D. 2005. Public-Stakeholder Perception of Airline Alliances: the New Zealand Experience. Journal of Airline Transport Management, 11(6), pp. 448-454. Feiler, G. and Goodoritch, T. 2009. Decline and Growth, Privatization in Middle East Airline Industry. Journal of Transport Geography, 2(1), pp. 55-64. Forsyth, P. 2010. Environment and Financial Sustainability of Air Transport: Are they Incompatible? Journal of Air Transport Management, 17(8), pp. 204-255. Franke, M. and John, F. 2010. What Comes Next After Recession? Airline Industry Scenarios and Potential End Games. Journal of Air Transport Management, 17(1), pp. 19-26. Graham, M. 2009. Different Model in Different Space or Liberalization Optimization? Comparative Strategies among Low-Cost Carriers. Journal of Transport Geography, 17(4), pp. 306-316. Harvey, G. 2010. Cleared for Take-Off? Management Labor Partnership in the European Civil Aviation Industry. Journal of Industrial Relations, 10(3), pp. 287-307. Hazeldine, T. 2010. Legacy Carriers Fight Back: Pricing and Product Differentiation in Modern Airline Marketing. Journal of Air Transport Management, 17(1), pp. 40-43. Heracleous, L. and Wirts, J. 2009. Strategy and Organization at Singapore Airlines: Achieving Sustainable Advantage through Dual Strategy. Journal of Air Transport Management, 10(2), pp . 1-6. Johnston, R. 1996. Singapore Airlines. New York: McGraw-Hill. McGurk, J. 2009. Contrasting Management and Employment Relations Strategies in European Airlines. Journal of Industrial Relations, 51(2), pp. 635-652. Morrell, P. 2008. Can Long-Haul Low-Cost Airlines be Successful? Research in Transport economics, 24(1), pp. 61-67. Nicolau, J. 2010. Testing Prospect Theory in Airline Demand. Journal of Air Transport Management, 16(4), pp. 254-260. Tiger Airways, 2011. Investors Relations. [Online] Web. Trethway, M. 2004. Distortions of Airline Revenues: Why the Network Airline Business Model is Broken. Journal of Transport Management, 10(1), pp. 3-14. This critical writing on Singapore Airlines was written and submitted by user Eden Kerr to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.